Exploring the Different Types of Multiple Sclerosis: Progression and Symptoms
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is recognised as a significant neurological condition in South Africa, although occurrences are relatively low compared to some regions. However, the exact occurrence and incidence of MS in South Africa may vary across different regions and populations.
There are different types of MS that vary in terms of disease progression and symptoms. It’s crucial to grasp these distinctions for effective management and treatment. This article delves into the various types of MS, exploring how they differ in progression and symptoms, supported by relevant citations from reputable sources.1
Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS):
Relapsing-remitting MS is the most common form of the disease, marked by periods of relapses or flare-ups followed by periods of partial or complete recovery. During relapses, new symptoms may appear or existing ones worsen. Remission periods involve reduced symptoms, although some may persist.
According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS), RRMS often shifts into secondary progressive MS (SPMS) over time, characterised by a gradual worsening of symptoms and disability, with or without relapses. This transition varies among individuals, and not all with RRMS will develop SPMS.1
Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS):
Primary progressive MS is less common than RRMS and involves a steady progression of symptoms and disability from onset, without distinct relapses or remissions. This form of MS progresses slower than secondary progressive MS.
The Multiple Sclerosis Association of America (MSAA) notes that PPMS typically affects older individuals at symptom onset, presenting symptoms like difficulty walking, stiffness, and gradual loss of function over time.1
Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS):
SPMS follows an initial period of relapsing-remitting disease. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), SPMS involves a gradual worsening of symptoms and a steady increase in disability, with or without occasional relapses and remissions.
The transition from RRMS to SPMS varies in timing and progression among individuals. Some may experience a rapid decline, while others have a more gradual progression.1
Progressive-Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (PRMS):
PRMS is the least common form, marked by a steady progression of symptoms with occasional relapses that may or may not result in remission. Unlike RRMS, where remissions are common, PRMS has continuous symptom progression with intermittent relapses.
The National MS Society states that PRMS is often linked with significant early disability and may require intensive management and treatment.1,2
Multiple sclerosis encompasses different types that differ in progression and symptoms. Understanding these types is crucial for healthcare professionals and individuals with MS to tailor treatment effectively. Ongoing research aims to improve outcomes and quality of life for those affected by this complex condition.2,3
References:
1. National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Types of MS. [online] [cited 4 April 2024]; Available from URL: https://www.nationalmssociety.org/What-is-MS/Types-of-MS
2. Multiple Sclerosis Association of America. Types of Depression and Diagnosis. [online] 4 October 2016 [cited 4 April 2024]; Available from URL: https://mymsaa.org/publications/depression/types/
3. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Multiple Sclerosis (MS). [online] 28 November 2023 [cited 4 April 2024]; Available from URL: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/multiple-sclerosis